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<p>The purpose of WestMedFlux is to study thermal fields in ocean-continent transition zones in the Western Mediterranean, and the role of fluids and salt diapirs on the thermal field.</p>
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Characterizing the variability of hydrological and current features and particulate fluxes on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion and in the deep convection zone. Monitoring of deep benthic communities in the western canyons and on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion.
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This was the fourth and last cruise undertaken as part of the NERC-funded consortium project (NE/C512961/1) entitled ECOMAR - Ecosystem of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Sub-Polar Front and Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. http://www.oceanlab.abdn.ac.uk/ecomar/index.php ECOMAR forms part of the Census of Marine Life MAR-ECO project which is an international study of life in the northern mid-Atlantic Ocean with scientists from 16 nations participating in research of the waters around the mid-Atlantic Ridge from Iceland to the Azores (http://www.mar-eco.no). Depart: Wednesday, 26 May, St Johns, Newfoundland, Canada. Long term moorings were recovered at four super stations at a bottom depth of 2500m equipped with sediment traps, current meters, ADCP and sensor suites, SE - 49°01.92'N, 27°40.82'W, SW - 48°46.80'N, 28°38.43'W, NW - 53°59.33'N, 36°07.39'W and NE 54°00.05'N 34°10.58'W. Video and still images of the sea floor were obtained during 4 lander deployments and 21 ISIS ROV dives. Faunas samples were taken on 17 of these ROV dives, further samples from 13 successful megacorer casts and 4 baited traps. High definition video sea floor surveys were completed of approximately 50,000 m2 of sea floor. Arrive: Vigo, Spain, Saturday 3 July 2010.
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This cruise is part of the UK science contribution to the international SOLAS project (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study www.uea.ac.uk/env/solas/) which aims to advance our understanding of environmentally important interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Data collected during the cruise will help to determine the influence of coastal/shelf regions (20-200 km offshore) on microbiological activity in the ocean and chemical interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere. Deep water containing high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrate, and gases such as nitrous oxide and methane, rises to the surface (upwells) at the Mauritanian shelf edge and moves offshore. These nutrients can be chemically altered by sunlight and used by bacteria and microscopic plants to grow. The gases escape to the atmosphere and contribute to global warming. This cruise will sample the upwelled water as it moves offshore measuring its temperature, salinity, nutrient and gas content and the impact this water has on microbiological growth and atmospheric composition in order to improve international global climate models. The cruise has three scientific objectives: 1. To determine the role of upwelling on the supply, loss and air-sea exchange of climatically important gases produced by plankton 2. To determine the role of light in breaking down upwelled and recently produced dissolved organic matter and in producing climatically important trace gases 3. To determine the impact of nutrient enriched upwelled water on the spatial and temporal variability of plankton community structure and activity and resultant influence on biogenic gas flux
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The cruise is a component of RAPID-WATCH, whose objectives are: to deliver a decade-long time series of calibrated and quality-controlled measurements of the Atlantic MOC from the RAPID-WATCH array and; to exploit the data from the RAPID-WATCH array and elsewhere to determine and interpret recent changes in the Atlantic MOC, assess the risk of rapid climate change, and investigate the potential for predictions of the MOC and its impacts on climate. Objectives of this cruise: to recover, calibrate and redeploy moorings from the eastern boundary and mid-Atlantic ridge subarrays of the 26.5N line of RAPID moorings.
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Assessment of chemical contamination in coastal water masses (Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Sicily canal), using artificial stations of mussels. The MYTILOS1 cruise aimed to utilize the RINBIO network methodology around the western Mediterranean, in the northern part of the NW Basin. Experiments run in the French Mediterranean since 1996 by IFREMER were to be extended to Southern Mediterranean coasts, i.e. Spanish, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian coasts, as well as the Sicily Canal in Italy, on the basis of a standardized protocol. The data from MYTILOS2 cruise will supplement those obtained in 2004 and 2005 during the RINBIOC1 and MYTILOS1 cruises by including the coasts of North Africa, Southern Spain and the island of Pantelleria. In addition, the results will be used to complement the chemical contamination budget drawn up in the framework of the European Water Framework Directive's implementation. The survey was based on 2 major actions: 1) Artificial mussel stations were placed and recovered along a shoreline between Malaga (Spain) and Sicily (Italy), including Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. 2) Sediment samples in addition to mussels samples were taken upon the partners' request. This falls under the MEDICIS project.
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The objective of cruise JC103 was to service the moorings of the RAPID 26°N project that are deployed to monitor the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. For each mooring instruments were recovered, data were downloaded and instruments were redeployed. A number of CTDs were made to calibrate the instruments from the moorings. During passage from port of Spain to Nassau trial CTDs were completed in the waters of the Turks and Caicos Islands. After departing Nassau on 29th April work commenced on the western boundary sub-array comprising of moorings WBADCP, WBAL, WB1, WB2, WB2l, WB2h, WB4 and WB4L. The ship returned to Nassau on 6th May to disembark one person before sailing east once again. The final mooring of the wester sub-array was serviced on 8th May before continuing east to the mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) sub-array. Work on the MAR sub-array commenced on 13th May at mooring MAR0. The other moorings in this sub-array were MAR1, MAR1L, MAR2, MAR3 and MAR3L were all completed by 18th May. On the following day the NOG mooring was deployed and as the ship transited to the astern sub-array the first of 5 Argo floats was deployed on 21st May. The eastern boundary sub-array starts at EB1, which was serviced on 23rd May. Following this moorings at EB1L, EBHi, EBH1, EBH2, EBh3,EBh4 and EBH4L in the following days up until 31st May. A number of CTDs were completed form 31st may to 2nd June.
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The major aims of Charles Darwin cruise 178 were to obtain: (i) 3D seismic imagery, video transects and swath bathymetry maps of mud volcanoes in the southern Gulf of Cadiz, (ii) video transects across suspected cold water coral reefs in the Alboran Sea, and (iii) 3D seismic imagery of submarine landslides in the Eivissa Channel, immediately east of the Balearic Islands in the western Mediterranean Sea. The cruise was in support of the EU Framework 6 'HERMES' project (Hotspot Ecosystem Research on the Margins of European Seas). A total of four 3D seismic cubes and 10 successful video transects were completed. Live chemosynthetic communities found on one mud volcano in the Gulf of Cadiz appear to indicate active methane seepage. Images of gas-charged sediments in areas of submarine landsliding in the Eivissa Channel appear to indicate a direct linkage between landsliding and fluid escape.
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FWO MINIMOUND Project: Using Cold-water coral mini-mounds as analogue for giant mound growth: assessment of environmental drivers and anthropogenic impact Cold-water corals (CWC) are found along the entire north-eastern Atlantic Margin from Norway to the Gulf of Cadiz. In the Porcupine Seabight, these coral reefs (mainly Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata) accumulate into large mounds of up to 250m high (e.g. Challenger Mound), which have been well studied over the past two decades (Roberts et al., 2006). The detailed mechanism of the start-up phase of such large CWC mounds is however not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is essential to study analogues of these stages that are not well recorded in larger mounds. The FWO MINIMOUND project (2013-2016) aims to investigate the initiation, growth and demise of small CWC mounds and to determine the role of climatic and hydrocarbon-seepage related processes as well as anthropogenic impact. This high-resolution multidisciplinary study will focus on three minimound provinces along the Biscay continental margin: (1) the Explorer and Dangeard Canyons on the Celtic Margin (Fig. 1; Stewart et al., 2013), (2) the Guilvinec Canyon on the Armorican Margin (De Mol et al., 2011) and (3) the Upper Ferrol Canyon on the Cantabrian Margin (Fig. 1). These minimounds are fossil (9.7 ka BP) and occur at relative shallow depth on the interface between the Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) and the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW). Contrastingly, most present-day living CWC reef habitats dwell in the deeper MOW depth range, relying on the density and dynamics of this water mass for their food supply.   The objectives of the project are threefold: (1) the establishment of a chronostratigraphic framework and the reconstruction of palaeoceanographic changes over the last 15.000 years in order to determine the impact of glacial to interglacial climate change on the ENACW-MOW interface and the CWC habitats (Frank et al., 2011); (2) the minimound province at the Upper Ferrol Canyon shows a close association with hydrocarbon-seepage (pockmarks) which allows to assess the role of hydrocarbon related processes in CWC mound formation; (3) the potential impact of anthropogenic fisheries activities will be investigated. These objectives will be tackled through a coupled geophysical, sedimentological and integrative approach, including the palaeoceanographic and biogeochemical study of sediment cores in cooperation with the BGS (UK), LSCE (Gif-sur-Yvette, France), IFREMER (France), IGME (Spain) and IEO (Spain). This Belgica2015/15 cruise is the second campaign of the project and it aims to sample both on-mound as off-mound sites by means of a 4.5 m vibrocorer (Supplied by the British Geological Survey, BGS). The target site are located on the upper slopes of the Ferrol Canyon (Cantabrian margin, Spanish EEZ) and the Guilvinec Canyon (Armorican margin, French EEZ) between 200 and 600 m water depth. In each sector, a minimum of 3 days of activities will be scheduled. In case of bad weather on 1 sector, the program will be revised towards the other sector. With respect to the size of these mounds, the coring location of the vibrocorer will be steered by means of am IXSEA USBL GAPS system. During night-time, the seafloor will be visually characterized using a small and light-weight camera dropframe (University of Plymouth).
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This equipment trials cruise has provided opportunities for test and verification of technology under development at the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL), the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) and the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOC,S). This includes equipment developed during the first year of funding under OCEANS 2025 (theme 8). Testing technology in the ocean environment is invaluable in assessing fitness for purpose. Specifically, the cruise tested: A Spar wave buoy (NOC,S) biogeochemical sensors (NOC,S); an UAV system (NOC,S); a video grab system "HyBis" (NOC,S), A benthic Multicore (NOC,S), A benthic lander and associated torroidal Telemetry buoy (POL), and a shallow tow towfish (POL). Testing in Spanish waters (near Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura) has been invaluable. The time on passage has been minimised (the transition from deep to shallow water is less than a days steaming) and the calm conditions to the southwest of the islands in the consistent prevailing north easterly winds have enabled deployment and recovery techniques to be tried and optimised in safety.