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    <p>The multi-annual partnership-based research programme SPIRAL (deep seismic and regional investigation in northern Algeria) aims to study the deep structure of the North Algerian margin using "high penetration" seismic methods: low frequency vertical reflection shooting, as well as wide angle reflection and refraction with deployment of listening stations on the seabed and onshore. The first strand of the SPIRAL programme SPIRAL involves the sea cruise to acquire geophysical data. This cruise took place aboard RV L&apos;Atalante in two legs, respectively from 26/09 (Oran) to 10/10 2009 (Annaba) and from 13/10 (Annaba) to 10/11 2009 (Oran). These two legs provided acquisition of wide-angle seismic and penetrating multichannel seismic reflection data, which was the main objective of the project, as well as additional data like very high resolution (Chirp or sediment sounder type), magnetic and gravimetric, and multibeam bathymetric echosounder data. The profiles acquired during SPIRAL should supply elements to characterize the structural levels in and under the sediment cover (crust) down to the mantle in the targeted zones given in the cruise report; obtain accurate images of faulted and folded area and the major boundaries like the Moho; constrain the physical and rheological properties (particularly velocity models) which should help determine things like the nature of the crust at the continent-ocean transition. These constraints will make it possible to perform thermo-mechanical modelling on the scale of the Maghrebide belts to the base of the crust (temperature, density) and thus specify the main boundaries of the large crustal domains.</p>

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    Campaign GENESIS 2 "Pen Duick/Melilla", the second of three ROV campaigns, will focus on "Pen Duick Escarpment" in the Gulf of Cadiz or on the recently discovered "Melilla mounds" in the South-East Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea). The final choice of the study area will depend on the results of the TTR17 cruise with R/V Logachev (June-July 2008) and the R/V Marion Dufresne cruise (June 2008). One of these study areas will be surveyed using multibeam, side-scan sonar and high resolution seismics. Based on this site survey, the ROV Genesis will be deployed to carry out detailed mapping. Also the hydrography and sediment dynamics of the area will be studied with respect to the steering of the present ecosystems. GENESIS 2 takes place in the framework of the European projects HERMES (EC FP6), MiCROSYSTEMS (ESF) and HERMIONE (EC FP7).

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    The objectives of the BELMER project are: - to validate the MERIS water products for Belgian coastal waters and neighbouring French, UK and Dutch waters - to provide a quantitative statement of product accuracy and recommendations for improvements in the scientific algorithms, where appropriate. In particular the problems reported by the MERIS validation and user communities of turbid water atmospheric correction, case 2 water chlorophyll retrieval, adjacency effects (straylight), moderate sunglint, spatio-temporal variability of specific inherent optical properties and bottom reflectance will be addressed. This project is funded by the "PROgramme for the Development of scientific Experiments" (PRODEX) of the European Space Agency (ESA).

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    <p>MOOSE-GE aims at 1) ensuring the maintenance of offshore French Mediterranean moorings and 2) carrying out an annual mapping of hydrological, biogeochemical and biological characteristics of the whole north-western basin. The related project are MERMEX, HYMEX, MISTRALS and MOOSE.</p>

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    Characterizing the variability of hydrological and current features and particulate fluxes on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion and in the deep convection zone. Monitoring of deep benthic communities in the western canyons and on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion.

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    Assessment of small pelagic species resources in the Gulf of Lion using echointegration and trawl hauls to identify the observed echoes. This fell under the SIDEPECHE project.

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    The objective of this project is the investigation of the structure and functioning of different CWC successional habitats (living, dead and buried corals), in order to understand the response of the CWC to a changing ocean. Therefore, we identified 4 specific objectives which will allow us to get insight in the distribution of these CWC habitats (objective 1), the responsible environmental drivers (objective 2), the associated (molecular and morphological) biodiversity (objective 3) and the connectivity between distinct CWC habitats at different spatial scales (objective 4). We will concentrate our study on the Bay of Biscay by providing multiple-scale analysis of habitat mapping, environmental characterisation, biodiversity patterns and processes of interconnectivity. However, comparisons will be made through European-US collaboration with other regions at both sides of the Atlantic in order to understand amphi- and trans-Atlantic distribution patterns and processes. This project is part of the 7th EC Framework Programme Hermione (Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas) (2011-2013).This monitoring project aims to execute a continuous research on the effects of the exploitation of non-living resources of the territorial sea and the continental shelf on the sedimentary movements and the marine environment (Law of 13 June 1969 on the exploration and exploitation of non-living resources of the territorial sea and the continental shelf). Belgian national research program.

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    SHOM cruise aboard the Pourquoi Pas?

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    The cruise D361 forms part of a study entitled 'Physical and chemical forcing of diazotrophy in the (sub)-tropical Atlantic Ocean'. The study is investigating the potential influence of iron and phosphorus availability on nitrogen fixation in regions of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The cruise also undertakes deep trace metal clean CTD casts as part of the International GEOTRACES programme. The purpose of the cruise therefore is to undertake measurements of dissolved and particulate iron and phosporpus availability, their spatial and temporal variations, and their impact on diazotrophy in the surface ocean. Aim: To quantify the supply and determine the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and other nutrients, and relate this to N2 fixation, diazotroph species distribution and N* fields. 1. Quantify the distribution of nutrients and trace metals: Quantify surface water and water column distributions of dissolved inorganic/organic N, P, Fe, and DAl, DMn and particulate P, N, Fe, Al, Mn. 2. Quantify the rate of Fe, Al, Mn, P and N supply to surface waters: Assess the source fluxes of the key elements for diazotrophs and source tracers to the surface ocean from atmospheric deposition and internal transport via diapycnal mixing and lateral advection. 3. Identify the source of subsurface Fe enrichment: Identify whether Fe-rich subsurface waters of the tropical North Atlantic thermocline originate from the atmosphere or the shelf using Fe distributions and Al, Mn, and O2 source tracers. 4. Quantify the diazotrophic response to Fe, phosphate, DOP supply: Relate the spatial distributions of inorganic Fe and organically complexed Fe, and phosphate and DOP to diazotrophy. The specific uptake of Fe, phosphate and DOP by the whole microbial community and Trichodesmium will be assessed by shipboard incubations, radiotracer techniques and enzyme bioassays. In addition, we will identify the connection between N2 fixation rates and diazotroph community structure, by comparing size fractionated 15N2-derived rates of N2 fixation (Fig. 1) with abundance and diversity of diazotrophs using nifH phylogeny. Objective 5: Investigate how the large scale transport pathways of Fe and P influence the N* distribution: Use fine-scale isopycnic model to reveal the large-scale transport pathways of Fe and P in the (S)-T Atlantic, and their effect on the N* distribution.

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    The RRS Discovery cruise 304 was conducted from 12 May to 6 June 2005 from and to Santa Cruz (Tenerife). The cruise was completed as part of the NERC founded RAPID programme to monitor the meridional overturning circulation at 26 N. The primary purpose was to service the eastern boundary and Mid-Atlantic Ridge part of the 26 N mooring array which had previously been serviced during the RRS Charles Darwin cruises 170 and 177. 12 moorings were successfully recovered, however two of the shallow eastern boundary moorings failed to release. Intense fishing activity at these sites is likely to be the cause. 12 mooring and four bottom pressure landers were re-deployed. Data from two bottom mounted inverted echosounders was uploaded via acoustic telemetry. A total of 10 CTD casts to calibrate the mooring sensors were carried out and 3 Argo floats (from the UK Met Office) were launched. The moored sensors are CTD loggers for the most part but also bottom pressure sensors, different types of current meters and inverted echosounders are used to determine the strength and structure of the meridional overturning circulation.