<p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">This multidisciplinary and integrated study comprises geophysical, sedimentological and (bio)geochemical data and aims to present a holistic view on the interaction of both environmental and geological drivers in cold-water coral mound development in the Gulf of Cadiz. In this context, it was fundamental to obtain "samples from the deep" to explore and characterize the biodiversity thought (1) geophysical and video imaging, (2) targeted microbiological profiling, (3) evaluation of present and past oceanic conditions.</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">Targeted microbiological and biogeochemical transects with long sediment cores were proposed to elicit the 3D spatial architecture and diversity of the microbial mound community and its possible role in slope stabilization. Off-mound cores were also targeted in order to evaluate present and past oceanic conditions by dating of the cored sequences and by reconstruction of water mass and sedimentary dynamics variability for eliciting the time frame of natural biodiversity changes.</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">The key objective aiming to investigate the microbial diversity and the functional link microbes-metazoans was addressed through biogeochemical approaches (biomarkers), molecular fingerprinting (DGGE, 16S rRNA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and laboratory culture. This also includes the analysis of microbial infestation of coral frame builders and fauna-microbe interactions, in general, and the analysis of microbially mediated processes of carbonate precipitation, at various sites and scales: coral mucus, carbonate crusts, mound slopes, mound interior.</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">The sites targeting was mainly prepared by geophysical surveying (high-resolution sparker seismics, multibeam bathymetry) and ROV imagery, performed by RCMG (Ghent University). Especially the location of all on-mound core sites was determined from interpretation of the ROV Genesis dives during the CADIPOR III campaign of June 2007 on board of R/V Belgica. Additional information was made available through cooperation within past or ongoing European projects such as ESF EuroMARGINS "Moundforce", EC FP5 RTN "EURODOM" and EC FP6 IP "HERMES". Although the MiCROSYSTEMS-MD169 cruise focus was on the Pen Duick Escarpment (PDE), (8 sites, Figures 1 and 2) also other sites such as Conger Cliff (Vernadsky Ridge) and Mercator Mud Volcano were sampled. Special attention was given to the two proposed drill sites for IODP Full proposal 673 "Atlantic Mound Drilling 2: Morocco Margin". A total of five main site locations were identified:<br> 1)The Pen Duick Mounds: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Epsilon Mounds,<br> 2) The Vernadsky Ridge mounds: Conger Cliff,<br> 3) A depression site at the foot of PDE,<br> 4) Palaeoceanographic reference sites,<br> 5) Mercator Mud Volcano.</p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; text-align:center"><img alt="" src="https://campagnes.flotteoceanographique.fr/campagnes/8200100/images/426.png" style="height:244px; width:500px"></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm"><em>Figure 1: Shipboard map of the SF11 multibeam bathymetry with site tracks.</em></p> <p style="margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm">The coring and subsampling strategies used during this campaign were predominantly site-dependent, distinguishing between "on-mound" and "off-mound" sites. Every on-mound site was cored at least two times; one core for geochemistry and microbiology, to be sampled immediately on board, and a second core for sedimentology, palaeoceanography and chronostratigraphy, to be left unopened and stored immediately.

Characterizing the variability of hydrological and current features and particulate fluxes on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion and in the deep convection zone. Monitoring of deep benthic communities in the western canyons and on the continental rise of the Gulf of Lion.

Assessment of chemical contamination in coastal water masses (Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Sicily canal), using artificial stations of mussels. The MYTILOS1 cruise aimed to utilize the RINBIO network methodology around the western Mediterranean, in the northern part of the NW Basin. Experiments run in the French Mediterranean since 1996 by IFREMER were to be extended to Southern Mediterranean coasts, i.e. Spanish, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian coasts, as well as the Sicily Canal in Italy, on the basis of a standardized protocol. The data from MYTILOS2 cruise will supplement those obtained in 2004 and 2005 during the RINBIOC1 and MYTILOS1 cruises by including the coasts of North Africa, Southern Spain and the island of Pantelleria. In addition, the results will be used to complement the chemical contamination budget drawn up in the framework of the European Water Framework Directive's implementation. The survey was based on 2 major actions: 1) Artificial mussel stations were placed and recovered along a shoreline between Malaga (Spain) and Sicily (Italy), including Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. 2) Sediment samples in addition to mussels samples were taken upon the partners' request. This falls under the MEDICIS project.

Assessment of chemical contamination in coastal water masses (Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Sicily canal), using artificial stations of mussels. The MYTILOS1 cruise aimed to utilize the RINBIO network methodology around the western Mediterranean, in the northern part of the NW Basin. Experiments run in the French Mediterranean since 1996 by IFREMER were to be extended to Southern Mediterranean coasts, i.e. Spanish, Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian coasts, as well as the Sicily Canal in Italy, on the basis of a standardized protocol. The data from MYTILOS2 cruise will supplement those obtained in 2004 and 2005 during the RINBIOC1 and MYTILOS1 cruises by including the coasts of North Africa, Southern Spain and the island of Pantelleria. In addition, the results will be used to complement the chemical contamination budget drawn up in the framework of the European Water Framework Directive's implementation. This falls under the 'MEDICIS' project.